Monopolizing death: Or how to frame a government by inflating a list of the dead

Submitted bytortilla onDom, 15/07/2018 - 17:31

Enrique Hendrix, July 8th, 2018

Click here for a spreadsheet with the data
for this study updated as of October 2018...

Click here for a slide presentation of this study (Spanish)

Original en Español - formato PDF (1.9Mb) - English translation in PDF format (1.4Mb)

(Note: all dates in this translation listed as month/day/year)

Presidential Decree No. 03-2018, "On Amendments to Decree No. 975 General Regulation of the Social Security Law" issued on April 18th, was the perfect pretext for the Opposition to initiate a series of protests that began to escalate. Four days later, in the face of acts of violence and an estimated 23 deaths, President Daniel Ortega decided, on April 22nd, to repeal the Presidential Decree that had served as a catalyst for what looked like an explosion of social unrest. In that same announcement he called for a National Dialogue as an instrument to restore the security, stability and peace of Nicaraguan families, address the situation of the Social Security system and the possible inclusion of tax reforms for discussion. He also invited Cardinal Leopoldo Brenes to participate in the National Dialogue with a delegation from the Episcopal Conference so that it would serve as guarantor and witness. However, despite the repeal of the decree that triggered the protests and despite the willingness of the Government to seek a solution through the National Dialogue, the protests continued.

The Human Rights organizations began their work of compiling the names of the deceased citizens within the context of the protests. Three organizations stand out: The Nicaraguan Center for Human Rights (CENIDH), the first body to pronounce itself; the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (CIDH), whose participation was requested by the government of Nicaragua on May 13th; and the Nicaraguan Association for Human Rights (ANPDH), the body that has been most active in relation to the death list.

The Nicaraguan Center for Human Rights (CENIDH - founded in 1990 and of which Mrs. Vilma Núñez de Escorcia is president) has issued three reports corresponding to different time periods in the context of the protests. The First Report issued on May 4, covers April 19th to May 4th; The Second Report issued on May 17th, covers May 1st to May 15th; and the Third Report issued on June 18th, covers May 16th to June 18th. The CENIDH list is not presented as a chart or a table, but as a section within each report which is titled "Killed and wounded as a result of government repression and violence." Note that this title irresponsibly and arbitrarily asserts that the deaths are a direct consequence of the violence on the part of the Government. In the third and last report issued, it is indicated that the total of deaths is 178 citizens, however the First Report includes the names of 45 dead citizens, the Second Report 12 citizens and the Third Report 110, so that the total of the three reports is one hundred and sixty-seven (167) dead on June 18th and not 178.

On May 21st, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (CIDH – an autonomous body of the Organization of American States) presented Preliminary Observations on its working visit to Nicaragua from May 17th to 21st and in the context of the protests beginning on April 18th. Those observations did not include a list of citizens who had died in at the scene of the protests. It was not until June 22nd that the CIDH presented its Final Report on its visit to Nicaragua before the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States (OAS), a report in which the list of decedents was attached, accounting for a total of Two Hundred Twelve (212). This appendix is entitled: "List of deceased persons in Nicaragua since the beginning of the protests (April 19 - June 19, 2018)". Note the cynical euphemism of "deceased in Nicaragua since the beginning of the protests", that is, every person who died from April 19th to June 19th, promoting the decontextualization of the same, regardless of the causes and circumstances of the death of each of them and as we will indicate later.

On June 26, the Nicaraguan Association for Human Rights (ANPDH - founded in Miami in 1986 and of which Monsignor Abelardo Mata is president emeritus) issued a document entitled: "Preliminary Report of Nicaraguan Citizens Killed in Civic Protest as a Human Rights and Executed by Armed Groups (Paramilitary or Shock Forces) for the period: 04/19/2018 to 6/25/2018. (66 calendar days)". Note that the title shares the same editorial line of the CENIDH, affirming irresponsibly and arbitrarily that all the deaths occurred in the context of "Civic Protest" and likewise attributes their deaths to "Executions by Armed Groups (Paramilitaries or Shock Forces) ". The preliminary report of the ANPDH counted a death toll of 285.

It should be noted that these reports have inconsistencies and omissions in terms of names with incomplete data, inaccurate names or boxes with the indication "No Information" or "Under Investigation". This denotes the lack of disposition and a lack of ability in actual case-by-case investigation, with results limited to information gathered from journalistic sources and those accepted in complaints without no willingness to corroborate the data.

Deaths Decontextualized

A recurrent feature in the lists is the removal from context each one of the dead and adjudging them as victims of the "repression" on the part of the government. In fact, the lists include victims of traffic accidents, altercations between gangs, murders by robbery, those killed by accidental firing of a firearm and even more absurdly, a suicide. This is evidence of a campaign that, in the absence of a just cause, uses the death of every citizen as a motive to manipulate the emotions of the population in order to counterpose “the people” against “the people.”

It is necessary to know the set of circumstances surrounding the death of each citizen to understand whether that death has any direct or indirect relationship to the protests.

For the purposes of this article, we define "Death Not Directly Related to Protests" as those deaths that occurred outside the scenario of a demonstration, a confrontation involving protesters, the attack or destruction of institutional targets (or FSLN supporters), or the looting of shops.

The adverb "directly” is used to distinguish these deaths from those caused indirectly. As the product of the political and social destabilization imposed on the country, crime has been empowered, taking ground, directly affecting Nicaraguan society and causing deaths, which although not connected to the protests are an indirect consequence of them.

Therefore, efforts will be made to identify the quantities corresponding to the following variables from the death lists of the three organizations:

Repeated Names
Deaths Not Directly Related to Protests
People murdered by the Opposition
Protesters (protesters, opponents, opposition activists operating roadblocks...)
Bystanders (uninvolved in the protests)
Names with insufficient data to determine the context of the death
Deaths omitted from each list

Sources for the Verification of the Lists

The list of each report was verified name by name with information gathered from newspaper articles and press releases from the National Police. The biggest weakness is that many media outlets are diverting, omitting or manipulating information for political purposes.

The following web pages correspond to most of the sources used to cross-check the lists:

The Press: laprensa.com.ni
The New Newspaper: elnuevodiario.com.ni
Confidential: http://www.com.ni
100% News: http://www.com.ni
The 19 Digital: el19digital.com
The New Radio Ya: nuevaya.com.ni
National Police: http://www.policia.gob.ni
Newspaper Today: http://www.hoy.com.ni
Q'hubo Nicaragua: http://www.qhubo.com.ni
TN8: http://www.tn8.tv
The Voice of Sandinismo: http://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com

To verify the context in which the citizens cited in each list died, a matrix was drawn up that sought to identify the full name, photo, age, profession, place of death, reason for death, context, observations and the sources for each case. The matrix is available at the following link:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1wAiENa7qE_wDWV8KwYbquYEkJxeFsfQS

About the CENIDH Report…

CENIDH has issued three reports whose lists are not included in full in its third and most recent report, because each report refers to a specific period of time. Thus, the Third Report, covering the period from May 16th to June 18th, does not include in its list the deaths that occurred before May 16th. The information corresponding to the previous date is included in the two previous reports.

As for its list, from its three reports, it is possible to identify one hundred and sixty-seven (167) dead as of June 18th. The CENIDH seems to be the most prudent organization in terms of attributing to the Government responsibility for the death of these citizens because upon verification the lists were found to have few duplicated names; the reports try to provide sound information on the context of the death of each of the citizens; and few cases lack incomplete data.

The CENIDH list is not presented as a chart or table but as a section within each report, section entitled: "Killed and wounded as a result of government repression and violence". The names are grouped in chronological order, without reference numbers, and describe at least the full name, age, description of the context of the death and where it took place. For example:

“May 16th

Noel Calderón Lagos, 19 years old, wounded by a bullet due to the repression at the UPOLI at dawn on May 16th. From Department of Managua.”

Regarding the repeated names, 4 citizens were duplicated in the reports. On two occasions, the same name was mentioned in two different reports. In one case the name was incorrectly identified; and in another, a pseudonym of a citizen who had already been mentioned was added.

The following chart indicates the repeated names and the report which corresponds to each one on the list:

CENIDH - Repeated Names
Ref.	Name	Age	Date of Occurence	Location
Report 1	Nelson Téllez Huete	No information	5/02	Ciudad Sandino
Report 2	Nelson Téllez Huete	No information	5/02	Ciudad Sandino

Report 2	Noel Calderón Ramos	19	5/15	Managua
Report 3	Noel Calderón Lagos	19	5/16	Managua

Report 2	Humberto Antonio Parrales Reyes	40	5/15	Managua
Report 3	Humberto Antonio Parrales Reyes	39	5/16	Managua

Report 3	Donald Ariel López Áreas,	27	6/02	Monimbó
Report 3	Known as “The Monkey”	No information	6/02	Masaya

We proceed to subtract from the repeated names from the total amount of deaths (167), leaving the figure at 163 deaths.

From the investigation into the context of the citizens’ deaths cited by the CENIDH, it was verified that at least 19 citizens died for reasons not directly related to the protests.

Attempting to identify the circumstances in which these 19 citizens died, we can note:

Murder and Motorcycle/Vehicle Theft:
- 6 citizens
Murder (Motivation Undetermined):
- 3 citizens
Murder and Theft:
- 2 citizens
Altercations among Gangs:
- 2 citizens
Property Conflicts (Land Grabs):
- 2 citizens
Traffic Accident:
- 1 citizen
Accidental Firing of Firearm:
- 1 citizen
Suicide:
- 1 citizen
Murder and Robbery of a Security Guard
- 1 citizen

CENIDH - Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests
Ref.	Name	Age	Date of Occurence	Location	Context
Report 3	Ezequiel Rivera Hernández	31	5/16	Siuna	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
Report 3	Bismark Enrique Chavarría	No information	5/19	Managua	Murder and Theft
Report 3	Erick William Espinoza	49	5/19	Managua	Murder and Robbery of a Security Guard
Report 3	Alejandro Tomás Hernández Estrada	17	5/26	Managua	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
Report 3	Yader Castillo	No information	5/26	Managua	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
Report 3	Jaime José Reyes Téllez	20	5/26	Managua	Altercation Among Gangs
Report 3	Rudy Chávez	21	5/27	Managua	Altercation Among Gangs
Report 3	Fredy Josué González	18	5/20	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
Report 3	Adolfo Enrique Castellón Arauz	27	6/02	Managua	Transit Accident
Report 3	Marvin Solórzano Salina	34	6/04	Managua	Murder and Taxi Theft
Report 3	Camilo Javier Valle Martínez	31	6/04	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
Report 3	Bismarck Badilla López	25	6/07	Carazo	Suicide
Report 3	Chris Montana	19	6/08	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
Report 3	Víctor Cabrera García	39	6/09	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
Report 3	Alejandro Enrique Cárcamo Gago	24	6/11	Managua	Accidental Firing of Firearm
Report 3	Michael Alexander López Medina	No information	6/12	Managua	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
Report 3	Roberto Pablo Corea Chávez	19	6/12	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
Report 3	Lucas Antonio Sirias Pineda	No information	6/13	León	Murder and Theft
Report 3	Wilton Cornejo Peralta	No information	6/14	Pantasma, Jinotega	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)

Excluding the deaths that are not directly related to the protests, we now have a 144 out of all of the names that must be verified.

While carrying out the verification of the deaths, 44 comrades were identified as having been killed by the opposition. The inclusion of these names was ill-intentioned. Although in some cases the context of the death was briefly mentioned, the opposition has developed media propaganda which takes the deaths out of context in an attempt to spread the unconscious idea that the acts and responsibilities of the opposition must be assumed by the government.

The names of the 44 people and context in which they were murdered correspond to:

CENIDH – Murdered by the Opposition
Ref.	Name	Age	Date of Occurence	Location	Context
Report 1	Richard Bermúdez Pavón	17	4/19	Tipitapa	Attack on the Tipitapa Municipality building.
Report 1	Hilton Rafael Manzanares	33	4/19	Managua	National Police re-establishing order.
Report 1	Cristian Emiliano Cadena	23	4/20	León	Burned inside of the CUUN, allegedly tortured.
Report 1	Jimmy Paíz	53	4/20	León	Burned in Radio Darío event.
Report 1	Apolonio Díaz Delgadillo	No information	4/20	León	Burned in Radio Darío event.
Report 1	Ismael José Pérez Vílchez	32	4/20	Managua	Guarding a supermarket to avoid theft.
Report 1	Ángel Eduardo Gahona	43	4/21	Bluefields	Canal 6 Correspondent covering robberies.
Report 1	Juana Francisca Cano Águila	19	4/21	Managua	National Police re-establishing order.
Report 1	Roberto Carlos García Paladino	40	4/24	Managua	Guarding a supermarket to avoid theft.
Report 2	José Alfredo Urroz Jirón	30	5/16	Matagalpa	Injured on his way home. The roadblocks did not allow the ambulances to pass.
Report 2	Wilber David Reyes	22	5/15	Matagalpa	Attack on the Matagalpa Municipality building.
Report 3	Holman Eliezer Zeledón	29	5/16	Matagalpa	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
Report 3	Eduardo Spiegler	34	5/16	Managua	Crushed by a governmental ‘Tree of Life,’ which was knocked down by the opposition.
Report 3	Marlon José Orozco Largaespada	48	5/24	Managua	Murdered by people guarding the roadblocks in Iván Montenegro.
Report 3	José David Martínez Rivas	27	5/25	Managua	UNAN protesters confused him with a police and murdered him, then stole his motorcycle.
Report 3	Jorge Gastón Palacios	30	5/26	Managua	Murdered by people guarding the roadblocks in El Quebracho, Boaco.
Report 3	Keller Stiven Pérez Duarte	22	5/26	Managua	Tortured and murdered by protestors connected to El Viper; abandoned at Cuesta El Plomo.
Report 3	Douglas Mendiola	23	5/28	Managua	National Police, re-establishing order.
Report 3	Heriberto Maudiel Pérez Díaz	No information	5/30	Managua	Murdered after participating in the Cantata a Las Madres
Report 3	Kevin Antonio Cufi Reyes	No information	5/30	Managua	Murdered after participating in the Cantata a Las Madres
Report 3	Mauricio López	No information	5/30	Estelí	Guarding shops to avoid theft.
Report 3	Jairo Antonio Osorio	No information	5/30	Estelí	Attacked in the FSLN Caravan headed to Managua.
Report 3	Juan Alejandro Zepeda	18	5/30	Chinandega	Attack on the Chinandega Municipality building.
Report 3	Marvin Meléndez Linarte	49	5/30	Chinandega	Attack on the Chinandega Municipality building.
Report 3	Sixto Henry Vera	48	6/02	Managua	Murdered by Viper’s group of protesters at the UPOLI.
Report 3	Eduardo José López Mendoza	22	6/02	Masaya	Possible National Police, Member of the Intelligence Division.
Report 3	Carlos Evenor López Figueroa	22	6/02	Waslala	Injured for refusing to help put up a roadblock.
Report 3	Geovanny Mena Reyes	No information	6/02	Tipitapa	People guarding roadblocks attacked citizens.
Report 3	José Abraham Martínez	22	6/04	No information	Attack on the Masaya Delegation building.
Report 3	Salvador de Jesús Arévalo	33	6/04	Tipitapa	Murdered by people guarding roadblocks.
Report 3	César Vega López	15	6/07	Chinandega	Murdered by people guarding roadblocks.
Report 3	Dixon Bismarck Soza Enríquez	43	6/11	Mulukukú, Triángulo Minero	Attack on police post.
Report 3	Carlos José Zamora Martínez	36	6/11	Mulukukú, Triángulo Minero	Attack on police post.
Report 3	Marco Antonio González Briseño	41	6/11	Managua	National Police Patrol
Report 3	Jean Kerry Luna Gutiérrez	29	6/14	Managua	National Police Patrol
Report 3	Ulises Santiago Gogo	28	6/14	Bilwi	Attack on FSLN party building.
Report 3	Marlon Javier Médina Toval	35	6/14	León	Murdered for refusing confiscation at a roadblock, motorcycle stolen.
Report 3	Marcos Gutiérrez	No information	6/12	Jinotepe, Carazo	Confrontation between people guarding roadblocks and the police.
Report 3	Guillermo Méndez	No information	6/12	Jinotepe, Carazo	Confrontation between people guarding roadblocks and the police.
Report 3	Ariel Ignacio Vivas	No information	6/12	Managua	Murdered while collaborating to take down the roadblocks.
Report 3	Teodoro Ruíz	No information	6/13	Villa Sandino, Chontales	Murdered in his home by people guarding the roadblocks. Afterwards they stole his gun.
Report 3	Francisco Ramón Arauz Pineda	No information	6/16	No information	Murdered, burned, and his corpse vandalized for helping to take down the roadblocks.
Report 3	Antonio Fernandez	No information	6/16	No information	Murdered while collaborating to take down the roadblocks.
Report 3	Lilian Jacqueline Martínez Valerio	18	6/16	Managua	Pregnant woman died because the ambulance was retained at the roadblock.

Excluding the repeated names, the citizens who died for reasons not directly related to the protests and the people murdered by the opposition, the total number of deaths is reduced to 100 people.

The CENIDH reports contain 48 names which lack information related to the person’s age and/or where the death occurred, which reduces the credibility of the information reflected by the CENIDH. However, the verification which was carried out was able to obtain the data for 34 out of the 48 citizens with incomplete information. As for the remaining 14 in this group, little information was found about 4 people, who only appear in the CENIDH report and whose names were disclosed by the same organization. Likewise, 10 citizens were identified whose contexts of death have not been verified. That is why they appear listed as 14 Names with Incomplete Data. All of these are noted in the spreadsheet that is referred to at the beginning of this document.

Accounting for the people with incomplete data, the CENIDH can count just 86 people on their list of deaths, 35 of whom are considered to be citizens not involved in the protests; Nicaraguans who were just passing by and got trapped in a confrontation, victims of a bullet within the parameters of the protests, or random attacks outside of the context of the protests; and 51 citizens directly involved in the protests.

Omissions by the CENIDH

In the CENIDH reports, the deaths of 16 citizens are not included. They are excluded for unknown reasons, which hints at the organization’s lack of capacity to investigate. Of these 16 citizens, 15 were murdered by the opposition and one was not involved.

The citizens omitted from the list correspond to events directly related to the protests and are the following:

CENIDH – Citizens Omitted from the List (24 Citizens)
Name	Age	Date of Occurence	Location	Context
Abelino Guevara Obando	38	5/11	Siuna	National Police Patrol
Carlos Alberto Miranda	19	5/11	Managua	Institutional Attack on District VI
Jostán Abdel Gutiérrez Koock	26	5/13	Managua	Crashed into a governmental ‘Tree of Life’, which was knocked down by the opposition.
Pánfila Alvarado Urbina	80	5/24	Boaco	Old woman died because the ambulance couldn’t pass through the roadblocks.
Cándida Rosa Herrera Rizo	60	5/26	Managua	Run over by a truck which participated in the opposition protest.
Humberto José Reyes Almanza	64	5/29	Nandaime	Traffic accident caused by a government billboard knocked down and left in the road by the opposition.
Pablo Roberto León Torres	39	6/01	San Miguelito	Run over by a group of people guarding the roadblocks, of which he was a part of.
Franklin Javier Mercado	35	6/02	Tipitapa	Murdered by people guarding the road blocks. Possibly by Geovanny Miguel Reyes.
Kevin José Cruz Ruiz	23	6/09	Jinotepe	Traffic accident caused by the roadblocks.
Eyner Heriberto Espinoza Rugama	19	6/12	Jinotega	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
Hernaldo Sánchez Chavarría	--	6/13	Villa Sandino	Employee of Teodoro Ruiz (ref. 169), he was murdered with him.
Son of Gabriela María Aguirre	25 days old	6/13	Masatepe	Ambulance held in the roadblock. He died of bronchoaspiration.
Nixia Hawkins Posly	15	6/14	Bilwi	Attack on FSLN party building.
Jhon Warren Men	18	6/15	Bilwi	Attack on FSLN party building.
Pablo Ramos Chavarría	21	6/17	Jinotega	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
Daysi Merari Cornejo Jarquín	32	6/18	Estelí	Fell from a motorcycle while being stoned by people guarding the road blocks.
José Israel Cuadra Aguilar	49	5/14	Managua	Injured by people guarding the roadblocks on his way home.
Elías José Sánchez Cuesta	17	6/02	Masaya	Injured during the protests, in Parque San Miguel.
Victor José Reyes	28	6/12	León	Injured during the protests, near the Police Delegation.
Alberto José Urroz Cárdenas	55	6/14	Nagarote	Went to see a confrontation and died.
José Antonio Cruz Solís	29	6/18	San Marcos	Injured while passing through a roadblock.
Francisco Ponce Flores	22	5/14	Sébaco	Injured while being held up in a roadblock.
Carlos Manuel Solís	No information	5/23	León	Confrontation between people guarding roadblocks and the police.
Jorge Antonio Guerrero Rivas	20	5/30	Managua	Supposedly murdered during the Mother’s Day march. The CENIDH released a statement affirming he was alive. CIDH and ANPDH included it.

CENIDH: Contextualization of the Deaths / Final Results of the Verification

From the three CENIDH reports, which claim that the Nicaraguan government is responsible for the deaths of 167 citizens, it has been made possible to contextualize the majority of the deaths (exactly 93%, which corresponds to 153 citizens). The data for the remaining 8% (14 citizens) remains incomplete or inexact, so it has not been possible to determine the context in which they died. From this review, the following variables are identified:

Repeated Names: 4 citizens
Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests: 19 citizens
People murdered by the Opposition: 44 citizens
Demonstrators (protestors, opposition activists, people operating roadblocks): 51 citizens
Bystanders (not involved in protests): 35 citizens
Names with insufficient data to determine context of deaths: 14 citizens

- Total: 167 citizens

About the CIDH Report...

The appendix to the CIDH Final Report includes those who died during the period from April 19th to June 19th, 2018, showing a list of 212 names of people who have died since the beginning of the protests.

Of the inconsistencies and irregularities that were identified, it can be mentioned that there are duplicated names, decontextualized deaths and names without complete data (even one without more information than a pseudonym).

In relation to duplicated names, 9 repeat citizens were detected, whose names were not correctly identified in different media. Due to this inaccurate identification by the media at the time they issued the information is that some names and surnames do not agree exactly, however, upon verification it is concluded that they coincide in the same person.

In the following table the duplicated names are indicated by the reference number (Ref.) that corresponds to each one in the list:

CIDH - Repeated Names
Ref.	Name	Age	Date of Occurrence	Location
12	Marlon Maneses Martínez Ramírez	28	4/20	Managua
23	Marlon Maneses Ramírez Sandino	20	4/20	Ciudad Sandino

21	Álvaro Alberto Gómez Navarro	24	4/20	Monimbó
31	Álvaro Gómez Montalván	23	4/21	Masaya

37	Celso Josué Díaz Sevilla	19	4/22	Managua
55	Celso David Robles Díaz	30	4/22	Mateare

41	Ismael Isaías Pérez Martínez	24	4/22	Managua
42	Ismael Josué Pérez Vílchez	32	4/22	Managua

45	José Daniel Sánchez López	22	4/22	Managua
56	José Daniel Sánchez García	No information	4/22	No information

98	José David Oviedo	27	5/25	Managua
99	José David Martínez Rivas	27	5/25	Managua

120	Marvin Meléndez Linarte	No information	5/30	Chinandega
123	Marvin Meléndez Núñez	49	5/31	Managua

129	Donald Ariel López Áreas	27	6/02	Masaya
133	Known as “The Monkey"	No information	6/02	Masaya

110	Michael González Hernández	No information	5/30	Managua
200	Michael Cipriano Gonzáles Hernández	35	No information	Managua

With this data, the list is reduced to 203 people. However, while inquiring about the context in which many of the citizens listed died, it was verified that at least 27 citizens died for reasons that were not directly related to the protests.

Attempting to identify the circumstances in which these 27 citizens died, we can note:

Murder and Vehicle/Motorcycle Theft:
- 6 Citizens
Murder (Motivation Undetermined):
- 5 Citizens
Traffic Accident:
- 2 Citizens
Property Conflict (Land Grabs):
- 2 Citizens
Murder and Theft:
- 2 Citizens
Altercation Among Gangs:
- 3 Citizens
Altercation Among Relatives/Neighbors:
- 1 Citizen
Home Invasion and Murder:
- 1 Citizen
Accidental Firing of Firearm:
- 1 Citizen
Asthma (Delayed Medical Attention):
- 1 Citizen
Possibly not dead
- 1 Citizen
Suicide:
- 1 Citizen
Murder and Robbery of a Security Guard
- 1 Citizen

CIDH – Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests
Ref.	Name	Age	Date of Occurrence	Location	Context
54	Carlos Antonio Flores Ríos	19	4/22	Ciudad Sandino	Altercation Among Gangs
65	Yamil Ronaldo Obregón Bustos	47	5/02	El Castillo, Río San Juan	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
76	José Alfredo Leiva Chavarría	17	5/13	Managua	Altercation among Relatives/Neighbors
81	Carlos Abel Aguilar	25	5/14	Siuna	Home Invasion and Murder
82	José Andrés Pérez	33	5/14	Tipitapa	Murder (Motive Undetermined)
87	Erick William Espinoza Mendoza	49	5/16	Managua	Murder and Robbery of a Security Guard
90	Ezequiel Rivera Hernández	31	5/16	Siuna	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
92	Bismark Enrique Chavarría	No Information	5/19	Managua	Murder and Theft
93	Benjamín Castillo Castillo	25	5/20	Managua	Traffic Accident
97	Jaime José Reyes Téllez	22	5/25	Managua	Altercation among Gangs
103	Alejandro Tomás Hernández Estrada	17	5/26	Managua	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
104	Yader Castillo	No Information	5/26	Managua	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
105	Rudy Chávez	No Information	5/27	Managua	Altercation among Gangs
113	Fredy Josué González	18	5/30	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
117	Víctor José Valerio López	No Information	5/30	Managua	Possibly still alive
127	Adolfo Enrique Castellón Arauz	27	6/02	Managua	Traffic Accident
138	Camilo Javier Valle Martínez	31	6/04	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
139	Marvin Solórzano Salinas	34	6/04	Managua	Murder and Taxi Theft
149	Bismarck Badilla López	25	6/07	Carazo	Suicide
150	Chris Montana	19	6/08	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
151	Víctor Cabrera García	39	6/09	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
158	Alejandro Enrique Cárcamo Gago	24	6/11	Managua	Accidental Firing of Firearm
163	Michael Alexander López Medina	No Information	6/12	Managua	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
164	Roberto Pablo Corea Chávez	19	6/12	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
171	Lucas Antonio Sirias Pineda	No Information	6/13	León	Murder and Theft
181	Wilton Cornejo Peralta	No Information	6/14	Pantasma, Jinotega	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
206	Cristian José Pineda	28	No information	León	Asthma (Delayed Medical Attention)

Subtracting the repeated names of citizens and the deaths not directly related to the protests, the list is now reduced to 176 people.

It is interesting to find the possibility of a dead person, identified in the list with reference number 117 and corresponding to the name "Víctor José Valerio López", who turns out to be the brother of a deceased involved in the protests, Jonathan Steven Valerio López (No. 44) and who was participating in the rallies for the death of his brother at the Jean Paul Genie rotonda.

The CIDH included in its list the death of 49 comrades murdered directly by the Opposition and, as indicated above with regard to the CENIDH list, here again there is a malicious inclusion that was made without determining the context in which they died, fomenting in the population, through the media propaganda, the unconscious idea that the actions and responsibilities of the opposition must be assumed by the State.

The names of the 44 people and context in which they were murdered correspond to:

CIDH – Murdered by the Opposition
Ref.	Name	Age	Date of Occurence	Location	Context
2	Hilton Rafael Manzanares Alvarado	33	4/19	Managua	National Police, re-establishing order.
3	Richard Bermúdez Pavón	17	4/19	Managua	Attack on the Tipitapa Municipality building.
33	Ángel Eduardo Gahona López	42	4/21	RACCN	Canal 6 Correspondent covering robberies.
34	Christian Emiliano Cárdenas	24	4/21	León	Burned inside of the CUUN, allegedly tortured
42	Ismael Josué Pérez Vílchez	32	4/22	Managua	Guarding a supermarket to avoid robbery.
48	Juana Francisca Aguilar Cano	19	4/22	Managua	National Police, re-establishing order.
53	Jimmy Jaime Paiz Barahona	53	4/22	León	Burned in Radio Darío event.
58	Roberto Carlos García Paladino	40	4/23	Managua	Guarding a supermarket to avoid robbery.
61	Apolonio Delgadillo	45	4/24	León	Burned in Radio Darío event.
73	Carlos Alberto Miranda	19	5/11	Managua	Attack on Objetivo Institucional, District IV
77	Jostán Abdel Gutiérrez Koock	26	5/13	Managua	Crashed into a governmental ‘Tree of Life’ which was knocked down by the opposition.
85	Wilder Reyes Hernández	36	5/15	Matagalpa	Attack on the Matagalpa Municipality building.
88	Holman Eliezer Zeledón	25	5/16	Matagalpa	Murdered while collaborating to take down the roadblocks.
89	José Alfredo Urroz Jirón	30	5/16	Matagalpa	Injured on his way home. The roadblocks did not allow the ambulances to pass.
96	Marlon José Orozco Largaespada	48	5/24	Managua	Murdered by people guarding the roadblocks in Iván Montenegro.
98	José David Oviedo	27	5/25	Managua	UNAN protesters confused him with a police and murdered him, then stole his motorcycle.
100	Cándida Rosa Herrera Rizo	60	5/26	Managua	Run over by a truck which participated in the opposition protest.
101	Jorge Gastón Palacios	30	5/26	Managua	Murdered by people guarding the roadblocks in El Quebracho, Boaco.
102	Keller Esteven Pérez Duarte	23	5/26	Managua	Tortured and murdered by protestors associated with Viper. Abandoned in El Plomo.
106	Douglas Mendiola Viales	25	5/28	Managua	National Police, re-establishing order.
109	Heriberto Maudiel Pérez Díaz	25	5/30	Managua	Murdered after participating in the Cantata a Las Madres.
118	Jairo Antonio Osorio	38	5/30	Estelí	Attacked in the FSLN Caravan headed to Managua.
120	Marvin Meléndez Linarte	No information	5/30	Chinandega	Attack on the Chinandega Municipality building.
122	Juan Alejandro Zepeda	18	5/31	Managua	Attack on the Chinandega Municipality building.
128	Sixto Henry Vera	48	6/02	Managua	Murdered by Viper’s group of protesters at the UPOLI
130	Eduardo José López Mendoza	22	6/02	Masaya	Possible National Police, Member of the Intelligence Division
134	Geovanny Miguel Reyes	27	6/02	Tipitapa	Injured while people guarding the roadblocks attacked citizens.
135	Carlos Evenor López Figueroa	22	6/02	Waslala	Injured for refusing to help put up a roadblock.
140	Salvador de Jesús Arévalo	33	6/04	Tipitapa	Murdered by people guarding roadblocks.
141	José Abraham Martínez	22	6/04	No information	Attack on the Masaya Delegation building.
147	César Oniel López Vega	25	6/07	Chinandega	Injured by people guarding the roadblocks.
159	Marco Antonio González Briseño	41	6/11	Managua	National Police Patrol
160	Dixon Bismarck Soza Enríquez	43	6/11	Mulukukú, Triángulo Minero	Attack on police post.
161	Carlos José Zamora Martínez	36	6/11	Mulukukú, Triángulo Minero	Attack on police post.
165	Ariel Ignacio Vivas	No Information	6/12	Managua	Murdered while collaborating to remove roadblocks.
166	Marcos Gutiérrez	No Information	6/12	Jinotepe, Carazo	Confrontation between people guarding roadblocks and the police.
167	Guillermo Méndez	No Information	6/12	Jinotepe, Carazo	Confrontation between people guarding roadblocks and the police.
169	Teodoro Ruíz	No Information	6/13	Villa Sandino, Chontales	Murdered in his home by people guarding the roadblocks. Afterwards they stole his gun.
173	Jean Kerry Luna Gutiérrez	29	6/14	Managua	National Police Patrol.
177	Marlon Javier Médina Toval	35	6/14	León	Murdered for refusing confiscation at a roadblock, motorcycle stolen.
180	Ulises Santiago Gogo	28	6/14	Bilwi	Attack on FSLN party building.
188	Francisco Ramón Arauz Pineda	No Information	6/16	No Information	Murdered, burned, and his corpse vandalized for helping to take down the roadblocks.
189	Antonio Fernandez	No Information	6/16	No Information	Murdered while collaborating to take down the roadblocks.
196	Eduardo Jessi Spiegler Szejmer	34	No Information	Managua	Crushed by a governmental ‘Tree of Life,’ which was knocked down by the opposition.
198	Kevin Antonio Cufi Reyes	21	No Information	Managua	Murdered after participating in the Cantata a Las Madres
199	Liliam Jaquelin Martínez	18	No Information	Managua	Pregnant woman died because the ambulance was retained at the roadblock.
201	Pánfila Alvarado Urbina	80	No Information	Managua	Old woman died because the ambulance couldn’t pass through the roadblocks.
209	Mauricio López Toruno	42	No Information	Estelí	Guarding a supermarket to avoid robbery.
212	Franklin Javier Mercado	No Information	No Information	No Information	Murdered by people guarding the road blocks. Possibly by Geovanny Miguel Reyes.

Excluding the repeated names, citizens that died for reasons unrelated to the protests and the comrades murdered by the opposition, the list is now reduced to 127 names.

In this list, there are 59 names without information in one or more boxes about age, date of death, and location. It is negligent to attribute these citizens’ deaths, whose information is inexact or whose cause of death is unknown, to the State. Nonetheless, information on the deaths of 22 of the 59 was obtained through this verification. In relation to the 37 remaining names of this group, there was not a single reference found for 28 of the names; they appear only in the CIDH list (and the majority are included later in the ANPDH list). There were nine citizens who had unverifiable causes of death. For this reason they make up the list of 37 names with insufficient information. All of these notes have references in the spreadsheet referred to at the beginning of this document.

At this point the list would have only 89 names, of which 38 correspond to citizens not involved in protests, bystanders, and victims of bullets with at protests or attacked but not related to the protests; and 52 citizens involved in the protests.

It is clear that the CIDH’s fieldwork was limited to receiving the opposition’s demands and its media, as the Chancellor Denis Moncada pointed out in his speech during the presentation of the Final Report before the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States (OAS): “The majority of the information sources cited by the CIDH come from agencies and media that is in opposition to the government, whose news is false and manipulated”.

Omissions by the CIDH

Of the list from the CIDH report, the deaths of 16 citizens were not included. The exclusion was made for unknown reasons and that only hints at the lack of research capacity of the CIDH team in Nicaragua. Of those 16 citizens, 11 were murdered by the opposition, two were protestors and three were not involved.

The omitted citizens from the list correspond to events related to the protest and are the following:

CIDH – Citizens Omitted from the List
Name	Age	Date of Occurrence	Location	Context
Abelino Guevara Obando	38	5/11	Siuna	National Police Patrol.
Humberto José Reyes Almanza	64	5/29	Nandaime	Traffic accident caused by a government billboard knocked down and left in the road by the opposition
Pablo Roberto León Torres	39	6/01	San Miguelito	Run over by a group of people guarding the roadblocks, of which he was a part of.
Kevin José Cruz Ruiz	23	6/9	Jinotepe	Traffic Accident caused by a roadblock.
Eyner Heriberto Espinoza Rugama	19	6/12	Jinotega	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
Hernaldo Sánchez Chavarría	--	6/13	Villa Sandino	Employee of Teodoro Ruiz (ref. 169), he was murdered with him.
Minor, son of Gabriela María Aguirre	25 days old	6/13	Masatepe	Ambulance held in the roadblock. He died of bronchoaspiration.
Nixia Hawkins Posly	15	6/14	Bilwi	Attack on FSLN party building.
Jhon Warren Men	18	6/15	Bilwi	Attack on FSLN party building.
Pablo Ramos Chavarría	21	6/17	Jinotega	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
Daysi Merari Cornejo Jarquín	32	6/18	Estelí	Fell from a motorcycle while being stoned by people guarding the road blocks.
Victor José Reyes	28	6/12	León	Injured during the protests, near the Police Delegation.
Alberto José Urroz Cárdenas	55	6/14	Nagarote	Went to see a confrontation and died.
José Antonio Cruz Solís	29	6/18	San Marcos	Injured while passing through a roadblock.
Francisco Ponce Flores	22	5/14	Sébaco	Injured while being held up in a roadblock.
Carlos Manuel Solís	No information	5/23	León	Confrontation between people guarding roadblocks and the police.

CIDH: Contextualization of the Deaths | Final Results of the Verification

From the Appendix “List of deaths in Nicaragua since the start of the protests (19 April-19 June 2018)” of the Final Report presented by the CIDH in which the Nicaraguan Government is judged to be responsible for the death of 212 citizens, the majority of the deaths have been contextualized, exactly 83% or 175 citizens. The remaining 17% (37 citizens) have insufficient information to determine the cause of death. From this review, the following variables are identified:

Repeated Names: 9 citizens
Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests : 27 citizens
People murdered by the Opposition: 49 citizens
Demonstrators (protesters, opposition activists, people operating roadblocks): 52 citizens
Bystanders (not involved in the protests): 37 citizens
Names with insufficient data to determine context of deaths: 38 citizens
- TOTAL: 212

About the ANPDH Report…

The ANPDH report considers the deaths that occurred between April 19th and June 25th, 2018, presenting a list of 285 deaths since the beginning of the protests. To date, it is the most "complete" report regarding the protests.

The inconsistencies and irregularities that were identified are the same as in the two previous reports (CENIDH and CIDH): duplicated deaths, decontextualized deaths and names without complete data (again some have no more than a pseudonym).

In relation to the duplicated deaths, 2 repeated citizens were detected corresponding to:

ANPDH - Repeated Names
Ref.	Name	Age	Date of Occurrence	Location
61	Donald Ariel López Ruíz	26	6/02	Masaya
68	El Mono (nickname)	Investigation in Progress	6/02	Masaya

41	Ismael Isaías Pérez Martínez	24	4/22	Chichigalpa
42	Ismael José Pérez Vílchez	32	4/22	Managua

The list is reduced to 283, In verifying the context in which citizens died, we find that at least 49 citizens died under circumstances unrelated to the protests directly, among which we include:

Murder (Motivation Unknown):
- 9 citizens
Property Conflict (Land Grabs):
- 8 Citizens
Murder and Vehicle/Motorcycle Theft:
- 7 Citizens
Home Invasion and Murder:
- 5 Citizens
Traffic Accident:
- 4 Citizens
Murder and Theft:
- 4 Citizens
Altercation Among Gangs:
- 4 Citizens
Altercation Among Relatives/Neighbors:
- 3 Citizens
Accidental Firing of Firearm:
- 2 Citizens
Murder and Robbery of a Security Guard:
- 1 Citizen
Asthma (Delayed Medical Attention):
- 1 Citizen
Epilepsy (Delayed Medical Attention):
- 1 Citizen

The following table identifies the circumstances in which each of the above citizens died:

ANPDH - Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests
Ref.	Name	Age	Date of Occurence	Location	Context
3	Adolfo Enrique Castellón Arauz	27	6/02	Managua	Traffic Accident
6	Alejandro Enrique Cárcamo Gago	24	6/11	Managua	Accidental Firing of Firearm
14	Álvaro Gustavo Urroz González	31	6/14	Managua	Accidental Firing of Firearm
28	Carlos Abel Aguilar Solís	26	5/14	Siuna	Home Invasion and Murder
22	Benjamín Castillo Castillo	25	5/20	Managua	Traffic Accident
24	Bismark Enrique Chavarría Juárez	44	5/18	Managua	Murder and Theft
26	Camilo Javier Valle Martínez	31	6/03	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
30	Carlos Antonio Flores Ríos	17	4/22	Ciudad Sandino	Altercation Among Gangs
44	Christhoper Roberto Castillo Rosales	23	6/25	Jinotepe	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
45	Cristhofer Antonio Orozco Alvarado	18	6/07	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
47	Cristhiam José Pineda Martínez	28	5/07	León	Asthma (Delayed Medical Attention)
58	Denís Jarquín	Investigation in Progress	5/17	Rosita	National Police. Property Conflict (Land Grabs).
74	Erick William Espinoza Mendoza	49	5/16	Managua	Murder and Robbery of a Security Guard
77	Ezequiel Hernández Rivera	41	5/15	Siuna	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
79	Filemón Cruz González	78	5/08	Matagalpa	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
81	Francisco Hurtado Sánchez	Investigation in Progress	6/25	Managua	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
90	Fredy Josué González Olivas	18	5/29	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
97	Gregorio Orozco Gatica	85	6/22	Acoyapa	Home Invasion and Murder
101	Harold Daniel Ramírez Cerda	18	6/21	Managua	Home Invasion and Murder
108	Hickler Cano Tinoco	22	5/25	El Cuá, Jinotega	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
115	Jaime José Reyes Téllez	22	5/25	Managua	Altercation among Gangs
135	José Luis Alemán Mendieta	16	5/29	Ciudad Sandino	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
144	José Alfredo Leiva Chavarría	Investigation in Progress	5/12	Matagalpa	Altercation Among Relatives/Neighbors
150	José Andrés Pérez	33	5/14	Tipitapa	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
159	Juan Carlos Arróliga Báez	40	5/24	Boaco	Altercation Among Relatives/Neighbors
162	Juan Carlos Mejía Moreno	17	5/30	Managua	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
163	Juan Peralta	Investigation in Progress	5/17	Rosita	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
164	Juan Eduardo Salinas Quintero	38	6/21	Managua	Assault and Motorcycle/Vehicle Theft
173	Kevin Alexander González	16	6/21	Ciudad Sandino	Home Invasion and Murder
176	Layhani Nohelia Real Sánchez	11	6/22	Nagarote	Epilepsy (Delayed Medical Attention)
182	Lucas José Sirias Pineda	31	6/13	León	Murder and Theft
199	Marvin Loáisiga	Investigation in Progress	6/12	Mulukukú	Home Invasion and Murder
201	Marvin Antonio Solórzano Salina	34	6/04	Managua	Murder and Taxi Theft
207	Michael Alexander López Medina	25	6/12	Managua	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
224	Pedro Rostrán Meza	18	6/09	Managua	Altercation Among Gangs
227	Reynaldo Jarquín	Investigation in Progress	5/17	Rosita	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
229	Roberto Carlos Balladares Casco	32	6/18	Managua	Altercation Among Relatives/Neighbors
230	Roberto Pablo Corea Chávez	23	6/12	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
232	Ruddy David Chávez Sánchez	21	5/27	Managua	Altercation Among Gangs
237	Sixto Jarquín	Investigation in Progress	5/17	Rosita	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
239	Socorro González Arauz	55	6/12	Rosita	Traffic Accident
241	Terencio Isaías Escorcia	25	6/20	Matagalpa	Murder and Theft
243	Tomás Alejandro Estrada Hernández	19	5/25	Managua	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
247	Valeria Rodríguez	19	6/24	León	Traffic Accident
248	Victor Manuel Bello Bonilla	56	5/30	Rivas	Murder and Theft
249	Víctor Genaro Cabrera García	39	6/09	Managua	Murder and Motorcycle Theft
256	Wilton Cornejo Peralta	18	6/14	Pantasma, Jinotega	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)
258	Yader Castillo	Investigation in Progress	5/25	Managua	Property Conflict (Land Grabs)
260	Yamil Ronaldo Obregón Bustos	47	4/30	El Castillo, Río San Juan	Murder (Motivation Undetermined)

With the information from the Deaths Not Related Directly to Protests, the list is reduced to 234 people.

As the other bodies (CENIDH and CIDH) have done, ANPDH also included in its list the death of comrades murdered by the Opposition, which is how the list of 60 people directly murdered by the opposition was calculated.

The names and context in which the 60 people were murdered are listed here:

ANPDH – Murdered by the Opposition
Ref.	Name	Age	Date of Occurrence	Location	Context
1	Abelino Guevara Obando	38	5/11	Siuna	National Police Patrol
16	Ángel Eduardo Gahona López	42	4/21	Bluefields	Canal 6 Correspondent covering robberies.
17	Antonio Fernández	Investigation in Progress	6/16	Managua	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
18	Apolonio Díaz Delgadillo	Investigation in Progress	4/20	León	Burned in Radio Darío event.
19	Ariel Ignacio Vivas	27	6/12	Managua	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
27	Cándida Rosa Herrera Rizo	62	5/26	Managua	Run over by a truck which participated in the opposition protest.
31	Carlos Alberto Miranda	19	5/11	Managua	Institutional Attack on District VI
34	Carlos Evenor López Figueroa	22	6/02	Waslala	Injured for refusing to help put up a roadblock.
37	Carlos José Zamora Martínez	36	6/11	Mulukukú, Triángulo Minero	Attack on police post.
38	Carolina de los Ángeles Collado Delgadillo	40	6/23	Masaya	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
41	César Oniel López Vega	22	6/06	Chinandega	Injured by people guarding the roadblocks.
43	Christiam Emiliano Cadenas	23	4/20	León	Burned inside of the CUUN, allegedly tortured
57	Daysi Merari Cornejo Jarquín	32	6/18	Estelí	Fell from a motorcycle while being stoned by people guarding the road blocks.
59	Dixon Bismarck Soza Enríquez	43	6/11	Mulukukú	Attack on police post.
62	Douglas Mendiola Viales	26	5/28	Managua	National Police, re-establishing order.
66	Eduardo Jessi Spiegler Szejmer	34	5/16	Managua	Crushed by a governmental ‘Tree of Life,’ which was knocked down by the opposition.
64	Eduardo José López Mendoza	37	6/02	Masaya	Possible National Police, Member of the Intelligence Division
76	Eyner Heriberto Espinoza Rugama	32	6/12	Jinotega	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
80	Francisco Ramón Arauz Pineda	54	6/16	Managua	Murdered, burned, and his corpse vandalized for helping to take down the roadblocks.
88	Franklin Javier Mercado	35	6/02	Tipitapa	Murdered by people guarding the road blocks. Possibly by Geovanny Miguel Reyes.
95	Giovanny Miguel Reyes	28	6/02	Tipitapa	Injured while people guarding the roadblocks attacked citizens.
98	Guillermo Méndez	Investigation in Progress	6/12	Jinotepe	Confrontation between police and the people guarding the road blocks.
105	Heriberto Maudiel Pérez Díaz	25	5/30	Managua	Murdered after participating in the Cantata a Las Madres
107	Hernaldo Sánchez Chavarría	Investigation in Progress	6/13	Villa Sandino	Employee of Teodoro Ruiz (ref. 169), murdered together.
109	Hilton Rafael Manzanares Alvarado	33	4/19	León	National Police, re-establishing order.
110	Holman Eliezer Zeledón	26	5/16	Matagalpa	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
113	Ismael Josué Pérez Vílchez	32	4/22	Managua	Guarding a supermarket to avoid theft.
117	Jairo Antonio Osorio Raudales	39	5/30	Estelí	Attacked in the FSLN Caravan headed to Managua.
120	Jean Kerry Luna Gutiérrez	29	6/14	Managua	National Police Patrol
130	Jhon Warren Men	18	6/15	Bilwi	Attack on FSLN party building.
125	Jimmy Jaime Paiz Barahona	53	4/20	León	Burned in Radio Darío event.
133	Jorge Gastón Palacios Vargas	30	5/26	Boaco	Murdered by people guarding the roadblocks in El Quebracho, Boaco.
137	José Abraham Martínez	21	6/03	Masaya	Attack on the Masaya Delegation building.
157	José Alfredo Urroz Jirón	29	5/16	Matagalpa	Injured on his way home. The roadblocks did not allow the ambulances to pass.
149	José David Oviedo	27	5/25	Managua	UNAN protesters confused him with a police and murdered him, then stole his motorcycle.
158	Jostán Abdel Gutiérrez Koock	26	5/13	Managua	Crashed into a governmental ‘Tree of Life’ which was knocked down by the opposition.
165	Juan Alejandro Zepeda Gastón	18	5/30	Chinandega	Attack on the Chinandega Municipality building.
166	Juana Francisca Aguilar Cano	19	4/21	Managua	National Police, re-establishing order.
170	Keller Esteven Pérez Duarte	23	5/23	Managua	Tortured and murdered by protestors connected to El Viper; abandoned at Cuesta El Plomo.
171	Kevin Antonio Coffin Reyes	22	5/30	Managua	Murdered after participating in the Cantata a Las Madres
181	Liliam Jaqueline Martínez Valerio	18	5/17	Boaco	Pregnant woman died because the ambulance was retained at the roadblock.
188	Marcos Antonio González Briseño	41	6/11	Managua	National Police Patrol
189	Marcos Gutiérrez Acevedo	Aprox. 60	6/12	Jinotepe	Confrontation between people guarding roadblocks and the police.
196	Marlon Javier Medina Toval	37	6/15	Quezalguaque	Murdered for refusing confiscation at a roadblock, motorcycle stolen.
197	Marlon José Orozco Largaespada	48	5/25	Managua	Murdered by people guarding the roadblocks in Iván Montenegro.
202	Marvyn José Meléndez Nuñez	49	5/30	El Viejo	Attack on the Chinandega Municipality building.
203	Mauricio Ramón López Toruño	42	5/30	Estelí	Guarding a supermarket to avoid theft.
213	Nitzia Hackins Polly	15	6/14	Bilwi	Attack on FSLN party building.
285	Son of Gabriela María Aguirre	25 days	6/13	Masatepe	The roadblocks did not allow the ambulance to pass.
222	Pablo Ramos Chavarría	21	6/17	Jinotega	Murdered while helping to take down the roadblocks.
221	Pablo Roberto León Torres	39	6/01	El Tule, San Miguelito	Run over by a group of people guarding the roadblocks, of which he was a part of.
223	Pánfila Alvarado Urbina	80	5/24	Boaco	Old woman died because the ambulance couldn’t pass through the roadblocks.
228	Richard Eduardo Pavón Bermúdez	17	4/19	Managua	Attack on the Tipitapa Municipality building.
231	Roberto Carlos García Paladino	40	4/23	Managua	Guarding a supermarket to avoid robbery.
234	Salvador de Jesús Arévalo	Investigation in Progress	6/04	Tipitapa	Murdered by people guarding the roadblocks.
238	Sixto Henry Vera	48	6/02	Managua	Murdered by Viper’s group of protesters at the UPOLI
240	Teodoro Andrés Ruíz Gámez	52	6/13	Villa Sandino, Chontales	Murdered in his home by people guarding the roadblocks. Afterwards they stole his gun.
246	Ulises Santiago Gogo	29	6/14	Bilwi	Attack on the FSLN party building.
253	Wilder David Reyes Hernández	36	5/15	Matagalpa	Attack on the Matagalpa Municipality building.
262	Zaira Julissa López	Investigation in Progress	6/25	Nagarote	National Police, Taking down the Roadblocks

Excluding the duplicated names, the citizens that died for reasons not associated directly with the protests and the comrades murdered by the opposition, the list is reduced to 174 names.

One particularity of the ANPDH list is that it included 23 unidentified citizens, who supposedly have photos, journalistic notes, and/or documentary evidence, which were not included in the Preliminary Report. From the verification, a minor (reference number 285) was identified who died from bronchial aspiration after presenting respiratory problems in an ambulance that was stopped at a roadblock in Masatepe.

On the list, there are a minimum of 102 names with blank boxes and/or listed under “investigation” in one or more boxes referring to identification, age, cause of death, location and date. From the verification process, 53 of the 102 citizens on the list were found to have incomplete information. In relation to the 49 remaining from this group, there was no reference to determine the cause of the death. So, there are 49 names with incomplete data on the list. These notes are all included in the spreadsheet.

At this point the list would have only 103 names, of which 45 are of citizens not involved in protests; bystanders, victims of bullets with at protests or attacked but not related to the protests; and 58 citizens involved directly in protests.

Omissions by the ANPDH

From the ANPDH list, the death of 5 citizens were not included for unknown reasons.

The citizens omitted from the list are the following:

ANPDH – Citizens Omitted from the List
Name	Age	Date of Occurence	Location	Context
Francisco Flores Ponce	22	5/14	Sébaco	Injured while being held up at a roadblock.
Humberto José Reyes Almanza	64	5/29	Nandaime	Traffic accident caused by a government billboard knocked down and left in the road by the opposition.
Kevin José Cruz Ruiz	23	6/09	Jinotepe	Traffic Accident caused by a roadblock.
Carlos Manuel Sandino Hernández	39	4/21	Masaya	Injured while walking. He was not participating in the protests.
Gilberto Urroz	55	6/14	Nagarote	Injured while performing a procession in the city.

ANPDH: Contextualization of the Deaths | Final result of the verification

From the Preliminary Report “Nicaraguan Citizens Killed in Civic Protest as a Human Rights and Executed by Armed Groups (Paramilitary or Shock Forces) for the period: 4/19/2018 to 6/25/2018. (66 calendar days)," the ANPDH attributes the Nicaraguan Government the responsibility of 285 citizens’ deaths. We have been able to contextualize the majority, 75%, or 214 of the deaths, and the remaining 25% (71 citizens) have insufficient or incorrect information to be able to determine the cause of death. From this review, the following variables are identified:

Repeated Names: 2 citizens
Deaths Not Directly Related to Protests: 49 citizens
People murdered by the Opposition: 60 citizens
Demonstrators (protestors, opposition activists, people operating roadblocks…): 58 citizens
Bystanders (not involved in protests): 45 citizens
Names with insufficient information to determine context of deaths: 71 citizens.
- TOTAL: 285

The Triad and Their Formula

The three lists up until June 25^th offer an accumulated total of 293 dead citizens. However, as this report points out that, that figure by no mean implies total responsibility on the part of the government. By contextualizing each case, they can be segregated in the following way:

Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests : 51 citizens
Murdered by the Opposition: 60 citizens
Demonstrators (protesters, opposition activists, people operating roadblocks...): 59 citizens
Bystanders (not involved in the protests): 46 citizens
Names with insufficient information to determine context of deaths: 77 citizens.
- TOTAL: 293

As is clear from this untangling of the data, the human rights organizations have monopolized the deaths of citizens and share the same variables so as to inflate the lists of the dead. Looking at the way the lists are configured, the average inflation rate is 53% as regards the real number of victims of the protests. That percentage can be disaggregated as follows : 3% repeated names; 20% deaths not directly related to the protests; and 30% cases with incomplete, imprecise or non-existent data.

The formula one might use to define the estimate quantity increasing a list of dead people would be as follows:

RVP + RN + DNDR + IIND = Inflated list of deaths blamed on the government

Where,

RVP = Real victims of the protests (Demonstrators + People murdered by the opposition + Bystanders not involved in the protests)

RN = Repeated names (RVP * 03%)

DNDR = Deaths not directly related to the protests (RVP * 20%)

IIND = Names with incomplete, imprecise or non-existent data (RVP * 30%)

The need to increase the deaths and include them in the context of the protests is related to the specific objective of stoking peoples emotions so as to create discord and delegitimize the government

The equation is used so as to obtain a speculative number and on that basis to inflate the list of people dead using numbers readily manipulated according to the criteria of each organization.

…and that is how one inflates a list of the dead so as to discredit a government.

July 8th, 2018

Enrique Hendrix

Click here for a spreadsheet with the data for this study updated as of October 2018... Click here for a slide presentation of this study (Spanish)

Original en Español - formato PDF (1.9Mb) - English translation in PDF format (1.4Mb)

Click here for a spreadsheet with the data
for this study updated as of October 2018...

Click here for a slide presentation of this study (Spanish)